Includes bibliographical references (p. 598-712) and index.

Luther and the Holy Roman Empire : Martin Luther, reformer / Scott Hendrix -- Emergence and consolidation of Protestantism in the Holy Roman Empire to 1600 / Thomas A. Brady -- The radical Reformation / R. Emmet McLaughlin -- Lutheranism in the seventeenth century / Hartmut Lehmann -- The Second Reformation -- Communal Reformation : Zwingli, Luther, and the south of the Holy Roman Empire / Peter Blickle --The Calvinist Reformation in Geneva / Robert M. Kingdon --The theology and liturgy of Reformed Christianity / Mark Greengrass --The second wave of Protestant expansion / Philip Benedict -- Catholic renewal -- Redefining Catholicism : Trent and beyond / Robert Bireley -- New religious orders for men / John Patrick Donnelly -- Female sanctity, 1500-1660 / Gabriella Zarri --Tridentine worship and the cult of saints / Simon Ditchfield -- Resolving confessional conflicts -- Peace without concord : religious toleration in theory and practice / Nicolette Mout -- Imposing church and social discipline / Ute Lotz-Heumann -- Persecutions and martyrdom / Brad Gregory -- The Mediterranean inquisitions of early modern Europe / William Monter -- Religious colloquies and toleration / Olivier Christin -- Western Christianity and Eastern Orthodoxy / Mikhail V. Dmitriev -- Religion, society, and culture -- The Reformation and the visual arts / Lee Palmer Wandel -- Ritual in early modern Christianity / Susan C. Karant-Nunn -- Music and religious change / Alexander J. Fisher -- Demonology, 1500-1660 / Wolfgang Behringer -- Science and religion / Ann Blair -- The new clergies / Luise Schorn-Schèutte -- Women and religious change / Merry Wiesner-Hanks -- Christianity and other faiths -- Christianity and Judaism / Miriam Bodiam -- The naturalization of Andean Christianities / Kenneth Mills -- Between Islam and orthodoxy : Protestants and Catholics in south-eastern Europe / Istvâan G. Tâoth -- Christianity shaped by the Chinese / Nicolas Standaert -- Reception of Hinduism and Buddhism / Ines G. éZupanov and R. Po-chia Hsia --